Scientific Sessions

Cancer is primarily caused by genetic mutations that disrupt the normal regulation of cell growth and division. These mutations can result from various factors, including environmental influences, lifestyle choices, and inherited genetic predispositions. Exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and certain chemicals, can directly damage DNA and trigger mutations. Additionally, lifestyle factors like an unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption can increase cancer risk. Chronic infections caused by viruses like human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B and C are also linked to specific cancers by causing prolonged inflammation or directly altering DNA in affected cells.

Inherited genetic mutations also play a significant role in cancer development. Some individuals inherit mutations in tumor-suppressor genes or oncogenes, predisposing them to certain types of cancer, such as breast or colorectal cancer. Aging is another critical factor, as the risk of mutations increases over time due to the natural wear and tear on DNA repair mechanisms. Furthermore, hormonal changes and immune system dysfunctions can contribute to the development and progression of cancer by creating an environment conducive to unchecked cellular growth. Understanding the diverse causes of cancer is vital for prevention and early detection, allowing individuals to mitigate risks through lifestyle modifications, vaccinations, and routine screenings.